In 1950, once independence was secured, Jakarta was once again made the national capital. Indonesia's founding president, Sukarno, envisaged Jakarta as a great international city instigating large, government-funded projects undertaken with openly nationalistic architecture that strived to show the newly independent nation's pride in itself. Projects included a clover-leaf highway, a broad by-pass in Jakarta (Jalan Sudirman), four high-rise hotels including the famous Hotel Indonesia, a new parliament building, the 127 000-seat Bung Karno Stadium, and monuments including The National Monument.
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